For all the deals we write about here, those that get completed are but a percentage of those that get announced. Even greater is the gap between those that get announced and those that never even get signed.
Deals fall apart all the time for a variety of reasons. For most lawyers, it's just one of those things. Another deal is always around the corner.
But for most clients, selling the company is something that will only happen once in a blue moon.
Storage startup Backblaze has put its cards on the table with a thoughtful and open discussion of how
negotiations for its own sale ultimately fell apart.
The story after the jump, and we identify the not-at-all-at-fault firm that was seller's counsel.
Exits are always in the back of the minds of entrepreneurs. Whether it's an IPO or a sale, at some point they have to convert their sweat to cash. Backblaze was slightly less concerned with that than many companies, though, and eschewed venture funding, which meant they had less pressure to sell early.
Nonetheless, they eventually got an offer that was worth massaging, engaged counsel, and tried to get it to terms they could accept. (Bidder #1 is conveniently called "Spacely Space Sprockets")
When we received the offer, it initially fell into Scenario 1 (too low for us to consider), but after a few discussions moved to Scenario 2 (an offer we would consider, but certainly not one we were ready to simply accept.)We felt we had good vision alignment with Spacely. We liked their people and felt like we had a shared approach to business and product development. The financial aspects of the offer were structured in multiple pieces:
* Upfront payment
* Escrow payment
(held in case of lawsuits)
* Earnout payment (paid for hitting milestones)
However, there were a number of more subtle items to discuss:
* How long is the “lockup?” (time Backblaze can’t talk to other potential acquirers.)
* How do you define/measure the goals to hit the earnout?
* Who is liable for what risks?
We started working through these items - trying to make the right tradeoffs:
* Which items need resolution before signing the offer vs. closing the deal?
* Which items do we really care about?
* How long do we want to spend on any given item?
Sound familiar? All the things lawyers love to quibble over (and get paid big bucks to do so).
As part of the sale process, they did a bit of an informal market check, and Cogswell Cogs emerged as another potential buyer.
Finally, it came down to a Tuesday that is deeply etched in my head.
We had offer letters from Spacely and Cogswell that were pretty close to “done” and both were anxious to sign. The offer from Cogswell was a bit better. However, we were a little further along with Spacely on the terms of the deal. Also, we heard rumors that Cogswell had previous acquisition processes that started and didn’t complete, which made us a bit nervous.
I got our team together and presented the options and it was a tough decision. In the end we decided to go with Spacely because we felt there was more clarity and the advisor’s comment weighed on us. We definitely did not want to spend time and money on a process to have it fizzle out.
However, we asked ourselves - is there a way that our mind could be changed?
Yes. We decided clarity on a few specific items, a somewhat higher offer, and a breakup fee that would compensate us for out-of-pocket costs if the deal falls apart would warrant us taking the leap of faith.
At the last minute, around midnight on Tuesday, Cogswell said yes to all of these.
As a double-check I asked, “Are you sure you and your whole team want to do the deal…and do it on these terms, because I don’t want to sign and for you to have buyer’s remorse.” Their answer was an unequivocal, “Yes.”
We all know that the hard work was just beginning. They still had to get from the term sheet to definitive documents as well as through due diligence.
How'd that go?
At this point, Cogswell and Backblaze became engaged and it was time to meet each other’s families. We setup a digital data room and placed every relevant document we could think of into it. We filled out questionnaires. Held technical meetings and deep dives. Half-day conference calls. Contract reviews. Financial audits.
Six separate outside firms were brought in to pick up every stone, overturn every hard drive, and evaluate every square inch of Backblaze. While we appreciated that the expense they dedicated to these firms showed a level of commitment on Cogswell’s part, we also were a bit concerned that more of the actual firm’s employees were not directly involved.
We consider ourselves a very simple, clean company - and our advisors were all surprised at the amount of due diligence being done. But at the end of it, all was good and we moved forward.
Take that with a grain of salt, right? No company is as "clean" as it thinks it is and no deal is as simple as anyone expects.
While it seemed like we had nailed down the key terms in the offer letter, it became clear at the definitive agreement stage just how many items were still left open. The Definitive Agreement is a nearly 100-page document that is broken down into key areas:
* The Transaction Itself - how much? how is it structured?
* Closing – when? how? and what will be required on the date of closing?
* A Ton of Legalese - representations, warranties, covenants and other items where each side says “I commit that the following is the case.”
Negotiating the Definitive Agreement is an ongoing process of figuring out how to balance what the business people want on both sides with what the lawyers deem important.
100 pages for a purchase agreement seems a bit long. We suspect that's including a bunch of disclosure schedules and ancillary agreements. Backblaze expected the process would take about four weeks, so they budgeted six.
But even then the deal wasn't done, and exclusivity had to be extended several times.
We were getting close. Very close. The definitive was nearly done. The various exhibits were almost all final. We had agreed that Backblaze would become an independent unit within the company so that we could keep the team together and execute at full speed. We agreed on the titles and compensation packages for each person. We looked at the office space we would be move into. Even healthcare and benefits were being setup for the team.
I sent an email to our shareholders saying, “We’re within about a week of signing a definitive agreement. Please let me know if you will not be reachable to sign papers.”
Jinx!
Exclusivity expired on a Saturday.
Monday morning I got a call from Cogswell’s CEO. “I’m sooo sorry.”
In summary he said that while he really wanted to do the deal, he couldn’t get all of his board to approve it without restructuring the deal. Would we consider restructuring?
My internal reaction was, “WHAT?!? That’s crazy!”
Deep breath. “I don’t think my team will go for that.”
After having negotiated all of this up front and then spent months finalizing the details, asking for the very basics of the deal to be reconsidered threw a slew of red flags. Since this would be a marriage, it made us fear what other agreements that we are making now would be reconsidered. What would happen six months, a year, a few years after we became one?
Eventually, they concluded that Cogswell wasn't just negotiating and Backblaze decided to walk. Spacely was no longer interested.
The BigLaw angle - Gunderson was seller's counsel (although technically they're not BigLaw, all of BigLaw owes the firm a debt of gratitude for starting the salary escalation wars of 2000).
The really interesting angle is all of the angst and expectation in the story, as well as the lessons learned, so click through for the full perspective.
We found it a refreshing reminder that deals come and go for lawyers, but for people at the companies, they're life-changing events with all of the attendant hope, confusion, and drama.